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The 10 Best Vitamin Brands of 2024

These brands are nutritionist-approved for their commitment to safety and efficacy

By Tamar Kane, MS, RD
Updated on September 10, 2024
Medically reviewed
Verywell Fit articles are reviewed by board-certified physicians and nutrition and exercise healthcare professionals. Medical Reviewers confirm the content is thorough and accurate, reflecting the latest evidence-based research. Content is reviewed before publication and upon substantial updates. Learn more.
by Jonathan Valdez, RDN, CDCES, CPT
Fact checked
Verywell Fit content is rigorously reviewed by a team of qualified and experienced fact checkers. Fact checkers review articles for factual accuracy, relevance, and timeliness. We rely on the most current and reputable sources, which are cited in the text and listed at the bottom of each article. Content is fact checked after it has been edited and before publication. Learn more.
by Autumn Rauchwerk, MS, RDN, E-RYT
Vitamins from the best vitamin brands collaged against a blue striped background

Verywell Fit / Lecia Landis

If a healthcare provider recommends a specific vitamin or mineral supplement, you may wonder what brand to choose and where to buy it. With hundreds of options on the market, experts recommend researching brands before purchasing. Jamie Gershel, MS, RD, says, “It is important to choose vitamin brands that do extensive testing, ideally by an independent organization. You should also check for supplements with high-quality ingredients that lack fillers or unnecessary additives."

When selecting our top picks, we prioritized brands with research-backed formulations and dosages, internal and independent verification, sourcing transparency, and overall ingredient quality and brand integrity.

Editor's Note

Our team of registered dietitians reviews and evaluates every single supplement we recommend according to our dietary supplement methodology. From there, a registered dietitian on our Expert Review Board reviews each article for scientific accuracy.

Always speak with a healthcare professional before adding a supplement to your routine to ensure that the supplement is appropriate for your individual needs, and to find out what dosage to take.

Our Top Picks

Best Overall

Thorne

Thorne Daily Greens Plus
PHOTO: Amazon
View on Amazon View on Thorne.com
Pros

  • Over 30 NSF Certified for Sport products

  • Tests many products in clinical trials

  • Comprehensive supplement offerings

Cons

  • Expensive

Thorne Research tops our list as a trustworthy and reputable vitamin supplement brand. Thorne partners with various research organizations, such as the National Institutes of Health, the Mayo Clinic, and the Cleveland Clinic, testing many of their products via clinical trials to ensure safety and efficacy. They produce a variety of vitamin supplements that are likely to meet your needs, including multivitamins for different age groups, a B-complex vitamin, vitamin D, vitamin C, and other individual vitamins and minerals, as well as protein powders, collagen supplements, probiotics, omega-3s and more.

Thorne supplements are made with quality ingredients that are tested for contaminants. They are transparent about the ingredients on their label, explaining each ingredient so you can be sure there are no unnecessary fillers or additives. For example, the Thorne creatine supplement is a trustworthy choice for competitive athletes seeking the muscle growth and recovery benefits of creatine.

Thorne also produces certain vitamins that contain the NSF Certified for Sport seal, which verifies that supplements contain what they claim and are free from substances prohibited for athletes. For competitive athletes in particular, this is an important consideration when choosing a vitamin brand. These include a daily multivitamin, a B-complex vitamin, and vitamin D. Some athletes need to supplement with these nutrients as the B-complex vitamins are important for energy metabolism, and vitamin D is necessary for bone health and immune function. If you are a competitive athlete and considering a supplement, it is especially important to look for one with independent verification to reduce the risk of contamination.

Key Specs:
Vitamin Forms: Capsules, liquid, powder | Certifications: Certain products are NSF Certified for Sport | Organic: No | Non-GMO: Yes, not certified

Best Ingredient Transparency

Ritual

Ritual Essential Prenatal Multivitamin
PHOTO: Ritual
View on Amazon View on Ritual.com
Pros

  • Some products are USP Verified and Informed Sport Certified

  • All products are internally and independently verified

  • Offers monthly subscription service

  • Traceable ingredients

Cons

  • Smaller range of supplement offerings

Ritual practices transparent sourcing of their quality ingredients, and they do both internal and independent verification on their products. Notably, Ritual's Women's Multivitamin is USP Verified, and the Protein Powder is Informed-Sport certified. When browsing their supplements online, you will find a list of each ingredient, including where it was sourced, the form of vitamin and mineral used, and why it has been included in the supplement.

We like their highly curated supplement offerings, which target the specific needs of different genders and stages of life. In addition to multivitamins, they offer Essential Protein Shakes that differ in their composition based on age, including a specialized powder for pregnancy and postpartum. They also sell Synbiotic+, a single capsule combining pre-, pro-, and postbiotics to support gut health.

In addition to their extensive testing protocols, Rituals formulations and dosages are science-backed and developed by a team of doctors and registered dietitians, making them a trusted brand.

Ritual offers both a single purchase option and a monthly subscription that delivers your supplements to your door each month.

Key Specs:
Vitamin Forms: Capsules, gummies, powders | Certifications: Some products are USP Verified and Informed-Sport Certified | Organic: No | Non-GMO: Yes

Pros

  • Some products are NSF Certified and recipients of Clean Label Product Purity Award

  • Some products are organic

  • Vegetarian gummy options

Cons

  • Gummy vitamins contain added sugar and can impact dental health

One easy way to make your supplement intake more enjoyable is to get them in gummy form. If you are not a fan of swallowing pills, try SmartyPants, a reputable vitamin brand that makes gummy vitamins as well as capsules. They are completely transparent with their process, sharing ingredient sourcing, manufacturing guidelines, and product testing. Their ingredients are screened to verify purity and potency, plus independent verification. Some products are NSF Certified and recipients of the Clean Label Project Purity Award. You can find certificates of compliance, which specify products that have undergone testing, along with results for each bottle, on their website. 

SmartyPants is also dedicated to helping the environment and those who are less fortunate. The company has an organic line of vegetarian gummies, and their bottles are 100% recyclable. For every bottle of SmartyPants sold, the company makes a one-for-one nutrient grant to Vitamin Angels, an organization that provides supplements to at-risk populations worldwide. SmartyPants gummies do not contain any synthetic colors or artificial flavors, sweeteners, or preservatives, but they do have added sugars, so that is something to note if you need to monitor sugar intake.

Key Specs:
Vitamin Forms: Gummies, capsules | Certifications: Certain products are NSF Certified and ConsumerLab approved | Organic: Some products are USDA organic | Non-GMO: Yes

Pros

  • NSF Certified for Sport

  • Free from artificial colors, flavors, and sweeteners

Cons

  • Expensive

Certain groups of athletes, such as vegetarians, vegans, females, and those who follow restrictive diets, may be at greater risk of vitamin deficiencies. If you are a competitive athlete and at risk of a vitamin deficiency, it is even more critical to choose a vitamin brand that is independently verified to ensure your supplements don't have any banned substances. 

Every product produced by Klean Athlete is NSF Certified for Sport, so you can rest assured all products are free of banned substances. Klean Athlete is transparent about ingredient sourcing and lab testing. In addition to this stringent independent verification, their products are all made without artificial coloring, flavoring, or sweeteners. Klean Athlete produces a range of vitamins that athletes may benefit from if diagnosed with a vitamin or mineral deficiency, such as vitamin D and zinc, as well as a multivitamin.

Key Specs:
Vitamin Forms: Gummies, capsules, chews, soft gels, tablets, powders | Certifications: NSF Certified for Sport | Organic: No | Non-GMO: Yes

Pros

  • Many products are USP verified

  • Affordable

Cons

  • They don't always use the most bioavailable forms of certain vitamins and minerals in their supplements

If you need to start supplementing with daily vitamins, you’ll likely want to consider your budget. Nature Made is a trusted company that produces vitamins at an affordable price. Many of their products are USP verified, meaning they have been tested for ingredient purity and potency. Nature Made also shares clinical trials that have been completed using their products.

Nature Made produces a variety of vitamin supplements, including a multivitamin, multivitamins specific to men, women, and children, and vitamins C, D, E, and K. Their vitamin supplements come in varying doses and forms, including pills and gummies. While the gummies do not contain any artificial flavors or dyes, they have added sugar. You'll notice Nature Made is featured in many of our articles as the best budget pick because their supplements are high quality without coming at a high price point.

Key Specs:
Vitamin Forms: Pills, gummies, soft gels | Certifications: Many products are USP verified | Organic: No | Non-GMO: No

Pros

  • Many products are free from common allergens

  • Collaborates with academic institutions to conduct clinical studies

  • Independently verified and produced in an NSF-registered facility


Cons

  • Limited information provided on ingredient sourcing and independent verification

If you have an allergy, you may need to be extra careful when choosing a vitamin brand. Pure Encapsulations is a trusted supplement brand whose products are free from wheat, eggs, tree nuts, and peanuts. Many but not all of their products are free from soy and dairy, so be sure to check the label of your product if you have a sensitivity or allergy. Pure Encapsulations’ products are also free from artificial colors, flavors, and sweeteners.

Pure Encapsulations makes high-quality vitamin supplements that are independently verified by outside labs. It also collaborates with academic institutions, such as Cleveland Clinic Foundation and Women’s Hospital of Harvard Medical School, to conduct clinical studies that are published in peer-reviewed journals.

Key Specs:
Vitamin Forms: Tablets, gummies, chewables, liquid, spray, powders| Certifications: Many products are certified gluten-free | Organic: No | Non-GMO: Yes

Best With Whole Food Ingredients

Garden of Life

Garden of Life Dr. Formulated Probiotics 10 Billion Gummies
PHOTO: Amazon
View on Amazon View on Gardenoflife.com
Pros

  • Whole food ingredients and vegan

  • Certified USDA Organic

  • Many products are approved by ConsumerLabs and/or NSF certified

Cons

  • Some products include herbal and enzyme blends that might not be suitable for all

If you are looking for an organic vitamin brand that uses whole-food ingredients, Garden of Life mykind Organics may be the choice for you. Mykind Organics produces a variety of vitamins and shares where the ingredients come from. The company pays attention to details such as farming practices and how farm workers are treated. Each product is vegan, certified USDA Organic, and non-GMO Verified. Many of their products are NSF Certified and/or ConsumerLab-approved.

Mykind Organics produces vitamins in various forms, including tablets, chewables, liquid, gummies, and a spray, so you will surely find a form that you or your child will enjoy. Garden of Life also has a variety of independently verified sports supplements, like protein powders, in many of our roundups. We appreciate that all their products are free from synthetic ingredients, artificial flavors, and fillers.

Some of their vitamin and protein powder products contain extensive ingredient lists, sometimes with different herb blends. If you take other medications or supplements, read the label thoroughly or show a healthcare provider to check for potential interactions.

Key Specs:
Vitamin Forms: Tablets, gummies, chewables, liquid, spray, powders | Certifications: USDA Organic, non-GMO | Organic: Yes | Non-GMO: Yes

Best Personalized

HUM

HUM Here Comes the Sun
PHOTO: amazon.com
View on Amazon View on Humnutrition.com
Pros

  • Independently verified and Clean Label Project Certified

  • Developed by a team of Registered Dietitians

  • Offers personalized supplement guidance from RD experts

Cons

  • Some products contain herbal and enzyme blends that may not be suitable for all

  • Some of their beauty, detox, and metabolism supplements may lack sufficient evidence

HUM offers a wide range of supplements developed by a team of Registered Dietitians and physician consultants. In addition to a rigorous internal testing program, HUM participates in independent verification for purity and quality, including heavy metal testing, and the products are Clean Label Project Certified. 

We love that they offer free expert advice from their team of Registered Dietitians to help personalize your supplement routine. You can opt to fill out a quiz, which is reviewed by an RD who you can then speak with directly to answer any questions on the recommended supplement routine. They also offer a subscription service, delivering your supplements each month.

Some of our favorite products from HUM include their RD and OBGYN-formulated Womb Service, a prenatal multivitamin plus omega-3. Additionally, we like their omega-3 supplement, OMG! Omega The Great, their vitamin D3, Here Comes The Sun, B12 Turbo, and their Base Control multivitamins.

Some HUM products marketed as beauty, weight loss, metabolism, and detox supplements may lack sufficient evidence compared to the supplements we mentioned above. If you are interested in taking any of these supplements, we recommend speaking to a healthcare provider first, particularly if you are pregnant, taking medications, or have a preexisting health condition.

Key Specs:
Vitamin Forms: Capsules, gummies, tablets, powders | Certifications: Clean Label Project Certified | Organic: No | Non-GMO: Yes

Pros

  • Offers customizable supplement packets

  • Has an in depth, evidence-based questionnaire to help guide your supplement selections

  • All products are internally and independently verified

Cons

  • Limited information provided on ingredient sourcing and independent verification

  • Subscription only

  • No Medical Doctors or Registered Dietitians on their expert team

If you are looking for a customizable supplement regimen, try Care/of—a monthly subscription service that delivers your customized daily vitamin packets each month. We like that this brand does internal and independent verification and develops formulations based on evidence-based science. They also provide the customer with the level of efficacy of each type of supplement, from emerging research to very strong research. They also have a grading called "Traditionally Used" for products trusted across different cultures for centuries but may not have extensive in-lab testing. This allows you to make informed decisions from many aspects that may be important to you.

Care/of recommends starting with their questionnaire, developed by a team of naturopathic physicians, nutritional scientists, and researchers, which is then analyzed and provides you with personalized supplement recommendations. Once you select the supplements, they package them into a monthly delivery, including individual packets with your daily dosages of each supplement. It is important to note that this questionnaire does not replace consulting with a health care provider (like a primary care doctor or registered dietitian) regarding your individual nutritional needs and supplement recommendations, especially if supplementing with anything beyond a basic multivitamin or protein powder.

Their products range from multivitamins to individual vitamin and mineral supplements, herbal and adaptogenic supplements, protein powders, collagen, probiotics, and more. While Care/of is subscription-only, they have flexible terms for freezing your subscription or skipping months.

Key specs: 
Vitamin Forms:Capsules, powders | Certifications: None | Organic: No | Non-GMO: Yes

Pros

  • Independently verified with Certificates of Analysis available

  • Some products are NSF Certified for Sport

  • Certified Sustainable by Friend of the Sea and sustainable manufacturing practices

Cons

  • More limited product range compared to other brands on our list

Nordic Naturals practices sustainability in ingredient sourcing and manufacturing. This brand is best known for its omega-3 fish oil products, which are sourced from non-endangered, wild-caught fish and are all Certified Sustainable by Friend of the Sea. They also have green manufacturing policies, running the facility in Norway on biofuel from recycled materials. Additionally, their headquarters are LEED Gold Certified.

In addition to their sustainability focus, we love that Nordic Naturals uses independent verification for purity and potency, offering a Certificate of Analysis (COA) on their website for each product batch. Their commitment to quality and transparency ensures that you can trust that you are getting what the label says without any environmental toxins, including heavy metals or other potential contaminants. Nordic Naturals' Sport line of products is also NSF Certified for Sport.

They offer a range of omega-3 products, probiotics, collagen, multivitamins, individual vitamin and mineral supplements, and children's vitamins. Compared to some of the other brands on our list, they have a slightly more limited product range, with a focus on omega-3 and vitamin D3 supplements.

Key specs: 
Vitamin Forms: Capsules, powders, liquids, gummy | Certifications: Friend of the Sea, COAs available for independentverification results | Organic: No | Non-GMO: Yes

Are Vitamin Supplements Beneficial?

We recommend meeting as many of your nutrient needs as possible through eating a balanced and varied diet, but there are certain instances when supplements may be needed. If you have a diagnosed deficiency, experience malabsorption issues, or consume a limited or restrictive diet, you may benefit from a vitamin or mineral supplement. Additionally, certain life stages have increased nutrient needs. For example, pregnant and breastfeeding women, athletes, and older adults all have unique nutritional needs that might benefit from supplementing certain nutrients.

Groups who may benefit from vitamin, mineral, or other nutrient supplements include:

Those who consume limited or restricted diets that may not be adequate in certain vitamins, minerals, and nutrients, such as those who are vegetarian or vegan, or those who do not eat a variety of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, proteins, dairy, nuts, or seeds, may benefit from certain vitamin, mineral, or nutrient supplements.

Those with absorption issues: If you have a condition that limits your absorption of certain nutrients, you will likely benefit from supplementation.

Those with a diagnosed deficiency: Vitamin deficiencies can occur for various reasons, such as following a restrictive diet or having poor absorption due to certain conditions or medications. If you are diagnosed with a vitamin deficiency via a blood test, a healthcare provider may recommend using a vitamin supplement. They can suggest a recommended dose and form appropriate for your needs.

Those who are pregnant or breastfeeding: The Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) for pregnant women is slightly higher for certain nutrients. Some nutrients needed to support a healthy pregnancy include calcium, iron, choline, omega-3 fats, vitamin C, and B vitamins, including folic acid. If you are pregnant or breastfeeding, you are at greater risk of nutrient deficiency, and prenatal vitamins are essential.

Older adults: Adults over 50 may benefit from vitamin supplements if they cannot meet their needs through food due to decreased appetite or other reasons. As we age, our absorption of certain vitamins diminishes. It is important to speak with a healthcare provider to ensure that supplements do not interact with any medications you're taking.

Who May Not Benefit From Vitamin Supplements

There are many different types of vitamin supplements on the market, and whether or not you will benefit from one is highly individual and dependent on your diet, lifestyle, and health status, and on whether you take certain medications. It’s important to consult with a healthcare provider before taking any supplements to ensure that they are safe and meet your individual needs.

People who eat a well-balanced diet. If you eat a varied diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, nuts, seeds, or dairy, and a mix of protein-rich foods like beans, fish, tofu, poultry, and meat, you are likely meeting your nutrient needs through your diet. 

People with certain medical conditions. Some supplements can make medical conditions worse, so it’s best to check with your healthcare provider before starting on any supplement. 

People taking certain medications.  Supplements may interact with medications, so if you are taking any medications, check with your healthcare provider before starting on a supplement.

How We Select Supplements

Our team works hard to be transparent about why we recommend certain supplements; you can read more about our dietary supplement methodology here.  

We support supplements that are evidence-based and rooted in science. We value certain product attributes that we find to be associated with the highest quality products.

It's important to note that the FDA does not review dietary supplements for safety and effectiveness before they go to market. Our team of experts has created a detailed, science-backed methodology for choosing the supplements we recommend. Additionally, we spoke with several Registered Dietitians, including Jamie Gershel, MS, RD, who specializes in weight management, diabetes, heart health, mental health, and hormonal conditions like PCOS.

What to Look For

Independent Verification

Supplements that are independently verified are sent to a lab, where they are tested to ensure that they contain what they say they contain and are not contaminated with specific high-risk contaminants. However, it’s important to note:

  • Independent verification does not test to see whether a product is effective or safe for everyone, and it does not ensure the supplement will not interact with other supplements or medications.
  • Not all independent verification is created equal. It is not uncommon for supplement companies to pay labs for certificates after conducting minimal or no testing. 
  • The independent verifications we trust are: ConsumerLab.com, NSF, and USP. However, these certifications are difficult to obtain and/or expensive for manufacturers, so many companies choose not to get their products tested by one of these three organizations. 
  • Sometimes products tested by these three companies are more expensive, as a way to try to offset the cost they pay for certification.
  • Just because a supplement is not tested by one of these three companies, that does not mean it’s a bad product. We recommend doing some research on the reputation of the manufacturer, and calling up the manufacturer and its testing lab to determine their protocols and decide whether you feel comfortable consuming the supplement.
  • When in doubt, consult a registered dietitian or nutritionist to further assist you with verifying whether or not you need a supplement and, if so, to help you find the right one for you.

Form

Vitamin supplements come in varying forms, including capsules, liquids, chewables, gummies, powders, and sprays. Gummies and liquid forms may be beneficial for those who have trouble swallowing capsules, such as children or older adults. However, some liquid supplements may require refrigeration, and some gummies contain added sugars.

Certain brands offer supplements in different forms, so you can base your choice on personal preference. The form of the vitamin will vary among vitamins and brands, so whether you buy vitamins online or in person, check the label of your brand of choice.

Ingredients and Potential Interactions

It is essential to carefully read the ingredient list and nutrition facts panel of a supplement to know which ingredients are present and how much of each ingredient is included relative to its recommended daily value. Please take the supplement label to a healthcare provider to review the ingredients contained in the supplement and any potential interactions between these ingredients and other supplements and medications you or your child is taking.

Herbal blends: Some vitamin brands include herbs in their ingredient lists. If you are taking medications or other supplements, you should check with a healthcare provider before using vitamins with these ingredients to avoid unwanted interactions. Certain herbs can reduce the efficacy of particular medications or cause other unwanted side effects.

Dosage

Always speak with a healthcare professional before adding a supplement to your routine to ensure that it is appropriate for your needs and to understand which dosage to take.

Dosage will vary, depending on what vitamin supplement you are taking and why. For each vitamin, there is a recommended dietary allowance (RDA) or adequate intake level (AI) as well as a tolerable upper limit (UL), which you can find via the National Institutes of Health. Follow dosage recommendations provided by a healthcare provider.

How Much Is Too Much?

It is important to ensure you take the proper dose for a given vitamin. The upper limits for different vitamins are established by the National Institutes of Health Office of Dietary Supplements. The water-soluble vitamins, which include vitamins C and B vitamins, are not likely to become toxic because our bodies will excrete excess amounts. Fat-soluble vitamins, which include vitamins A, D, E, and K, can become toxic at high doses. Be sure to consult with a healthcare provider to find the right dose for you and opt for a reputable vitamin brand.

Frequently Asked Questions

  • What is the best brand of vitamin B12?

    Vitamin B12 is involved in nervous system functioning, energy metabolism, blood cell formation, and other body functions. If you follow a vegan or vegetarian diet, you may be at increased risk of a B12 deficiency since the main food sources of vitamin B12 include meat, fish, poultry, eggs, and dairy products, and you will likely benefit from a supplement. Older adults may also be at risk of vitamin B12 deficiency because it is common to have a decreased ability to absorb it. Some brands we like include Thorne Research, Pure Encapsulations, and Nature Made.

    Learn More: How Vitamin B12 Deficiency Affects the Body
  • What vitamin brands are made in the USA?

    Many vitamin brands source ingredients from around the world and manufacture their products in the United States. From among the recommended brands we listed here, Thorne Research manufactures many of its products in the USA, and Pure Encapsulations, Klean Athlete, mykind Organics, Nature Made, and SmartyPants produce their vitamins in the USA with ingredients that are both domestic and imported.

  • Are store vitamin brands good quality?

    Store vitamin brands can be of good quality, but it is important to look for independent verification and transparency regarding quality practices and to review ingredient lists. If you are uncertain about a particular vitamin brand, consult a healthcare provider.

  • Is there really a difference between vitamin brands?

    As the FDA only minimally regulates vitamins, each brand is a uniquely separate entity. There is no single organization that oversees all vitamins, so each brand is different from the next when it comes to independent verification, quality control, ingredients, and even vitamin forms and dosing.

  • Is it bad to switch prenatal vitamin brands partway through my pregnancy?

    If you find that you do not like your prenatal vitamin due to reasons such as dosing requirements or capsule size, or if you are lacking in a certain vitamin and your supplement does not supply an adequate level, you may want to switch brands. You should, however, consult with a healthcare provider to determine your vitamin needs during pregnancy.

Why Trust Verywell Fit

Tamar Kane, MS, RD, is a registered dietitian, Verywell Fit nutrition writer, and marathon runner. She is the founder of Tamar Kane Nutrition, a virtual practice that focuses on helping runners learn to fuel their running and their lives.

Tamar has a master's degree in nutrition and exercise physiology from Teachers College Columbia University and specializes in working with plant-based athletes. Her goal is to help people understand how to properly fuel their bodies (and supplement if needed!) to optimize performance and well-being.

13 Sources
Verywell Fit uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Read our editorial process to learn more about how we fact-check and keep our content accurate, reliable, and trustworthy.

  1. Goncalves AC, Portari GV. The B-complex vitamins related to energy metabolism and their role in exercise performance: A narrative review. Sci Sport. 2021;36(6):433-440. doi:10.1016/j.scispo.2020.11.007

  2. Angeline ME, Gee AO, Shindle M, Warren RF, Rodeo SA. The effects of vitamin D deficiency in athletes. Am J Sports Med. 2013;41(2):461-464. doi:10.1177/0363546513475787

  3. Fuhrman J, Ferreri DM. Fueling the vegetarian (vegan) athlete. Current Sports Medicine Reports. 2010;9(4):233-241.

  4. McClung JP, Gaffney-Stomberg E, Lee JJ. Female athletes: A population at risk of vitamin and mineral deficiencies affecting health and performance. Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology. 2014; 28(4):388-392.

  5. Klemm S. Vitamins, minerals, and supplements: Do you need to take them?. Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics.

  6. U.S. National Library of Medicine. Vitamins.

  7. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Nutrition during pregnancy.

  8. Bird JK, Murphy RA, Ciappio ED, McBurney MI. Risk of deficiency in multiple concurrent micronutrients in children and adults in the United States. Nutrients. 2017;9(7)655.

  9. National Institute on Aging. Dietary supplements for older adults.

  10. Russell RM. Factors in aging that effect the bioavailability of nutrients. J Nutr. 2001;131(4):1359S-1361S.

  11. Eichhorn T, Greten HJ, Efferth T. Self-medication with nutritional supplements and herbal over-the counter products. Nat Prod Bioprospect. 2011;1:62-70. doi:10.1007/s13659-011-0029-1

  12. National Institutes of Health National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health. 6 Tips: How herbs can interact with medicines.

  13. National Institutes of Health Office of Dietary Supplements. Vitamin B12: Fact sheet for health professionals.

Tamar Kane Headshot

By Tamar Kane, MS, RD
Tamar is a former combat fitness instructor in the Israel Defense Forces. Tamar is a registered dietitian-nutritionist with a master’s in nutrition and exercise physiology. Tamar is the founder of Tamar Kane Nutrition, a nutrition practice that supports athletes.

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